Landscape

What To Do In Your Backyard in April

Water Conservation Month

Average temperature        High 83     Low 60

Rainfall 2.42 inches

 Time to plant

 Vegetables: Calabaza, cantaloupe, cassava, chayote, cherry tomato, cucumber, dasheen, eggplant, Jerusalem artichoke, jicama, lima bean, Malabar spinach, malanga, New Zealand spinach, okra, pepper, roselle, Seminole pumpkin, snap beans, squash, Southern pea, sweet potato, tamarillo, yam, and yard-long bean.

 Flowers: African daisy, ageratum, aster, bacopa, balsam, begonia, black-eyed Susan, blue daze, browallia, bush daisy, cat's whiskers, celosia, cleome, coleus, coreopsis, cosmos, crossandra,  Dahlberg daisy, diascia, gazania, gaillardia, gerbera, goldenrod, impatiens, Joseph's coat, lantana, licorice plant, lisianthus,   marigold, melampodium, Mexican sunflower, million bells, moon flower, nicotiana, nierembergia, pentas, periwinkle, porterweed, portulaca, purslane, salvia, sunflower, torenia and zinnia.

Bulbs: Asiatic lilies, achimenes, African iris, agapanthus, amaryllis, Amazon lily, blackberry lily, blood lily, bulbine, caladium, canna, crinum, crocosmia, dahlia, eucharis lily, gingers, gladioli, gloriosa lily, society garlic, tuberous begonias, and rain lily.

Herbs: Anise, basil, bay laurel, borage, cardamom, chives, coriander, dill, borage, edible ginger, lemon balm, oregano, Mexican tarragon, mint, oregano, rosemary, sage, savory, sweet marjoram, and thyme.

Lawn care

  • Cold winter temperatures affected lawns but most survived and have begun growth.

  • Patches of dead or recovering weeds are easily found and should be replaced with grass plugs or sod.

  • Complete feeding of Bahiagrass, Bermuda, and St. Augustine lawns to encourage spring growth.

  • Delay feeding Centipede and Zoysia lawns until they begin new growth.

  • Do not use weed and feed. Use herbicides separately.

  • Do not use herbicides in temperatures over 85 degrees.

  • Identify your weeds and the herbicides that provide control; make applications as needed.

  • Get a soil test before fertilizing lawns.

  • Fertilized but yellow lawns can often be regreened with an iron-only application.

  • Mow Zoysia lawns to the desired 2- to 3-inch height.

  • Starter fertilizers can be used with new lawn installations to supply phosphorus for root growth.

  • Check for chinch bugs before applying insecticide for St. Augustine lawns.

  • Mole crickets are back in Bahia, Bermuda and Zoysia lawns; control as needed. 

  • Spring is our dry season; water when lawns begin to show moisture stress as permitted.

  • Adjust sprinklers to avoid sidewalks and roadways and water only the turf.

  • Apply up to three-quarters of an inch of water at each irrigation for a total of 1” – 1.5” of irrigation.

  • Change the oil and service air filters of gas-powered equipment.

  • Sharpen mower blades every five mowings.

  • Edge lawns growing along sidewalks.

  • Lawns needing aeration are usually over-fertilized and overwatered.

  • Don’t fight the shade; consider another ground cover for these problem spots.

 Landscape chores

  • Don’t waste plant growth; do needed pruning before new shoots form.

  • Many plants normally affected by cold are still green; prune these to keep them in bounds. 

  • Prune the dead from declining plants several inches into healthy wood.

  • Redirect the growth of out of bounds shoots and thin trees and shrubs as needed.

  • Prune spring flowering trees and shrubs after the blossoms fade.

  • Keep palms healthy; only remove the brown fronds plus fruiting stems as needed.

  • Rake and use leaves as mulch or compost them for later use in the gardens.

  • Keep weeds under control; keep mulch at 3” – 4”.

  • Only mulch till you can see the flare at the base of the tree and shrub.

  • Plant a tree, shrub, or vine on National Arbor Day April 30.

  • Remove declining cool season annuals and add warm season selections

  • Make sure the root balls of all plants are moist at planting time.

  • Build a ring at the edge of root balls of new trees and shrubs to direct water to the roots.

  • Give all poinsettias a spring trimming; repot new ones. or add them to the landscape.

  • Maintain 2- to 3-inch mulch layers with trees and shrubs; one inch in flower beds.

  • Water annuals and perennials when the soil is dry and warm 2” -3” below soil.

  • Use slow-release fertilizers that can feed landscape plants for months.

  • Palms need special feedings; use fertilizers made for palms every 3 to 4 months.

  • Inspect older trees and trim as needed before the hurricane season begins.

  • Be safe; have arborist do the pruning of larger and older trees.

  • Trim old flower stalks from amaryllis, amazon lilies. and other spring flowering plants.

  • Water new plantings as needed to keep the soil moist.

  • Divide perennials before the hot weather arrives.

  • Train vines to a trellis or arbor.

  • Add a water feature to the landscape, or clean the one(s) you have.

  • Transplant and feed water lilies and bog plants.

 Fruit & vegetable plantings

  • Hurry to plant tomatoes, peppers and eggplants transplants in the garden. Time for seeds is over.

  • Select larger transplants for this time of the year.

  • Remove cool season crops completing their harvests and add the seeded crops.

  • Many bananas were damaged by the cooler weather; remove declining portions. Trim tropicals unaffected by cold as needed to keep them in bounds.

  • Control citrus psyllids at each flush of growth; use organic pyrethrin sprays or soil treatments as instructed.

  • Apply minor nutrient sprays to citrus trees at each flush of growth.

  • Finish granular spring feedings of all fruit trees.

  • Start sweet potatoes to have transplants for May.

  • Complete herb plantings before hot weather arrives; many grow best in containers.

  • Feed vegetable plantings lightly with a balanced slow release fertilizer according to the label.

  • Help maintain a moist soil with a 2- to 3-inch mulch layer.

  • Add edible fruit bearing trees, shrubs and vines to the landscape.

  • Blueberries need a very acid soil; have the soil pH checked before planting.

  • Grow blueberries in pine bark fines or adjust the acidity with Espoma soil acidifier.

  • Transplant papaya seedlings to the landscape, keep moist and feed monthly.

 Foliage & Indoor plants

  • Groom to reshape and remove declining foliage.

  • Trim overgrown stems of foliage plants to make cuttings.

  • Repot foliage plants that have outgrown their containers.

  • Trim holiday cactus if needed to keep compact; root the cuttings.

  • Give foliage plants a spring feeding with a slow release fertilizer.

  • Add a saucer to plants on patios to capture and conserve water for use.

  • Transplant amaryllis that flowered during the winter to the garden or grow in containers.

  • Wash away dust and insects from leaves and stems.

  • Insects like scale, mealy bugs & thrips may need insecticidal soap or oil spray for control.

  • Fungal gnats are a sign of overwatering. Use Mosquito Bits™ for fungal gnat control and only water when the soil is dry.  

  • Move orchids & bromeliads outdoors to a shady location.

  • Repot orchids & bromeliads when they begin spring growth as needed and begin feedings.

  • Bromeliads that have bloomed will start to decline. Look for the new pups and cut the mother plant out.

  • Most forced bulbs cannot be regrown in Florida; toss the plants and keep the containers.

  • Consider using foliage ground covers for shady landscape sites instead of grass. 

What To Do In Your Backyard In March

Average temperature      High 79    Low 56

Rainfall 3.54 inches

Spring arrives: March 20th.

Move irrigation to 2x a week watering on Daylight Savings Time Day.

Time to plant

Vegetables: Bean, calabaza, cantaloupe, cassava, chayote, corn,  cucumbers, dasheen, eggplant, Jerusalem artichoke, jicama, luffa, malanga, New Zealand spinach, okra, pepper, pumpkin, southern peas, squash, tamarillo, tomato, and watermelon. 

Flowers: African daisy, ageratum, aster, azalea, bacopa, balsam, begonia, black-eyed Susan, blue daze, bush-daisy, celosia, cleome, coleus, coreopsis, cosmos, dahlia, Dahlberg daisy, daylily, diascia, dusty miller, four o'clock, gaillardia, gardenia, gazania, goldenrod, hibiscus, Hollywood Hibiscus™, impatiens, ixora, Joseph's coat, King’s mantle, licorice plant, marigold, melampodium, Mexican heather, million bells, moon vine, morning glory, New Guinea impatiens, nierembergia, pentas, plumbago, roses, salvia, strawflower, tithonia, torenia, verbena, vinca, Whirling Butterflies, and zinnia. 

Herbs: Anise, basil, bay laurel, borage, cardamon, chervil, chives, coriander, costmary, dill, fennel, ginger, lemon balm, sweet marjoram, Mexican tarragon, mint, oregano, rosemary, sage, thyme and watercress. 

Bulbs: Achimenes, African iris, African-lily, amaryllis, blood lily, bulbine, caladium, canna, crinum, crocosmia, dahlia, daylily, eucharis lily, gingers, gladiolus, gloriosa lily, Louisiana iris, rain lily, tuberose and walking iris.

Lawn Care

  • Winter weather has browned many lawns; they should regreen quickly this month.

  • Brown leaf blades do not have to be removed but can be raked out if you wish.

  • It’s seeding time for Bahia and Centipede lawns.

  • Get a soil test before fertilizing each Spring. 

  • UF AgriTech Soil Test Kit https://bit.ly/41N19B7

  •  St. Augustine, Bahia and Bermuda lawns are ready for a spring fertilizer application.

  • Delay feedings of centipede and zoysia lawns until they regreen in late March or April.

  • Identify weeds before using general herbicide.

  • Time for using pre-emergent herbicide products is over.

  • Apply separate herbicide for weeds if necessary. No need for weed and feed products.

  • Do not use glyphosate or other herbicides as an “edger.” Edge with garden edgers or spade.

  • Many weed control products cannot be used near trees and shrubs, check label restrictions.

  • Mow lawns at their normal height; there is no need to change blade height for spring. 

  • Hurry to remove patches of brown weeds and resod the areas.

  • Check for chinch bugs by using a hand-held vacuum cleaner. Apply insecticide if more than 20 chinch bugs are found.

  • Control fire ants in lawns; treat the entire lawn following label instructions.

  • Consider a substitute ground cover in areas smaller than 4’ wide, hard to mow, or problem areas where grass won’t grow.

  • Have lawn care equipment serviced; change oil, check air filters and sharpen blades. 

In the Landscape

  • Cold weather damaged many tender shrubs and perennials; do needed pruning this month. You can cut your shrub by ⅓ and not stress the plant too much. Water well before and after pruning.

  • Clear perennial plantings of debris and add new selections.

  • Control your landscape by trimming tree out of bounds shoots and limbs.

  • Wait to prune spring flowering shrubs until the blossoms fade.

  • No need to hack crape myrtles and commit ‘crape murder’. Remove only seed pods and twiggy portions smaller than little finger.

  • Consider needed tree trimming; have the work performed now before hurricane season.

  • Trim declining fronds and old flower stems from palms but leave any fronds that are green.

  • Complete pruning of bush-type roses; prune climbers when the spring blooms fade.

  • Trim and divide ornamental grasses before they begin spring growth.

  • Cool & warm seasons meet in March; continue to plant most cool and warm season flowers.

  • Add trees, palms, shrubs and vines to the landscape.

  • Water new plantings frequently until they grow roots into the surrounding soils.

  • Cool-season weeds are still growing; control before they become too plentiful.

  • Reapply mulch layers to bring mulch up to 3”.

  • Trim poinsettias to within 12” to 18” from ground and begin feedings.

  • Apply fertilizer to palms, shrubs and perennials.

  • Established shade and flowering trees normally do not need special feedings.

  • Check plants for scale insects and control with natural sprays as needed.

  • Water established plants only when they show signs of wilting or moisture stress

  • Divide and replant perennials.

  • Replant container gardens with spring flowers.

  • Divide outdoor orchids and begin every other week feedings with a diluted fertilizer solution.

  • Turn fallen leaves into compost or use as mulch.

  • Feed container gardens with a slow-release  fertilizer following label instructions.

  • Give power equipment a spring checkup.

  • Clean bird houses, bird baths and fountains.

  • Remove debris from water gardens and repot lilies. 

Vegetable and fruit care.

  • Early March is tomato, pepper, and eggplant planting time; set new plants in the ground.

  • Keep covers handy to protect cold sensitive crops until mid month.

  • Remove winter vegetables as they decline and plant warm season crops.

  • Select pest resistant varieties to avoid insect and disease problems.

  • Plant short rows every few weeks of seeded crops to extend the harvest season.

  • Use bush forming crops instead of vining types in crowded gardens.

  • Herbs flourish during the warmish weather; almost all do well now.

  • Garden pests including aphids, whiteflies and mites are active; use a natural control.

  • Spring growth is underway; complete all fruit tree pruning.

  • Prune cold damaged tropical fruits to remove brown leaves and declining stems.

  • Identify the type of grapes you are growing to obtain  proper pruning and care information.

  • Pineapples start flowering this month; maintain a good care program.

  • Feed all fruit bearing trees, shrubs and vines at this time.

  • Add new fruiting trees, shrubs, and vines to the landscape.

  • Select warm locations for new tropical fruits.

  • Maintain citrus tree vigor with the first of the new year feedings.

  • Apply a minor nutrient spray to citrus trees at each flush of new growth

  • Control Asian psyllids; apply an insecticide labeled for citrus at each flush of growth.

  • Add container herb and vegetable gardens to crowded landscapes.

  • Construct raised beds for easy maintenance.

  • Reapply mulch to fruit trees.

  • Fertilize vegetables lightly every 2 to 3 weeks or use a slow-release fertilizer.

  • Train vining vegetables to a trellis to save space.

  • Sprout sweet potatoes to produce transplants.

  • Install water conserving sprinklers in fruit and vegetable plantings. 

Foliage & indoor plants chores

  • Some foliage plants have been affected by the cold; trim and add more soil if needed.

  • Repot plants filling their containers with roots.

  • Replace declining plants with low light tolerant varieties.

  • Groom indoor plants to remove yellowing leaves and faded blooms.

  • Trim Christmas and holiday cactus and begin more frequent waterings and feedings.

  • Wash dust and pests from indoor plant foliage with a mild (not antibacterial) soapy solution.

  • Move orchids outdoors or to a bright area and begin every other week feedings.

  • Treat forced bulbs as temporary and add to compost pile when finished blooming.  

  • Check for mealy bugs, mites, and other pests. Treat according to label.

  • Visit your local independent nursery centers for new plant varieties.

Plants to Hide Utilities – A/C, Well, Electrical Panels

  1. Podocarpus ‘Pringle’ – Podocarpus macrophylla ‘Pringle’

  2. Small Leaf Clusia – Clusia guttifera

  3. Dwarf Simpson Stopper – Myrcianthes fragrans ‘Compacta’

  4. Camellia spp. ‘Yuletide’, ‘Pink Perfection,’ ‘Kramer’s Supreme’

  5. Black Diamond Crape Myrtle – Lagerstroemia indica ‘Black Diamond’™

Suggested Central Florida Plants Least Preferred By Deer


Wildlife use vegetation for a number of reasons: food, water, protection, physical and territorial behavior. A deer’s diet includes foliage, fruit (acorns), flowers and flower buds, but not necessarily all on the same plant, while young stags use the bark of small trees to “rub the velvet from their antlers and mark their area.” (Appleton, 2008) Deer like to eat plants that are young, easily accessible, over-fertilized, overwatered, pruned often, and have new growth. Deer do not like to eat plants that are odoriferous, have either grayish, leathery, or thorny foliage, or have foliage that has milky or sticky sap.

Reducing landscape damage by deer needs to be a community-wide effort. Feeding deer will only lessen their natural fear of humans and encourages them to encroach on residential areas. There are several options to keeping deer off your property. Installing seven-foot fencing will reduce chances that deer will jump onto property. Using chemical repellents are not always effective and can be expensive, foul-smelling, and need to be applied before plants are eaten and on a continuous basis.

To read the rest of my article and download my least preferred plants for deer in Central Florida, click this link.


Suggested Central Florida Plants Least Preferred By Deer.

How are you doing? Two hurricanes in the first two weeks of October – we haven’t seen that in Florida ever, and it’s worse further north in Georgia, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and surrounding border states. This is a month for recovery for millions. With the deluge of over 15” of rainfall in some areas, the loss of thousands of trees, and flooding still affecting Florida, gardening may not be on your to-do list.

Take a deep breath, do what you need to do to take care of your property and you. All those that have been devastated in North, South, and west coast of Florida, know that you are in Lizzie’s and my prayers. Check in with us on our Facebook page. Send us your photos, questions, and comments.

Take advantage of Summit Mosquito Bits and Dunks in stagnant waters around your home, and Green Armor Shield to prevent mosquito bites while working out in your yard. It prevents mosquitos from biting you through your clothing, shoes, tents, out in the woods, clearing out your brush and fallen trees.

If you need help with your landscape, here are a few resources:

It’s been a chaotic month, so keep focused on yourself, family, home, and what you need. If you do need a break and you have gardening questions, especially about your landscape issues, hope you will listen to Better Lawns and Gardens every Saturday morning 7am to 9am on your iHeart station or anywhere you listen to podcasts.

My design tips will be back next month with special emphasis on recovery. Send me your questions, thoughts, or ideas you would like.

Hope everything is back to normal for you and Florida soon. Take care,